Tracie uses the Pen tool to draw the outline and basic shapes that will make up the composition. She uses a distinct color, light purple in this case, to clearly define the base sketch that will eventually be hidden as she adds detail.

Tracie starts her project by creating a set of five custom brushes. To make them, she uses the Ellipse tool to draw an elongated shape. She refines the shape by altering or adding anchor points on the path. To change a rounded path to an angled one, she selects the Anchor Point tool from the toolbar and double-clicks the anchor point. To tweak a shape, she uses the Direct Selection tool to drag individual anchor points.

When she’s happy with the overall shape, she adds it to the Brush panel (Window > Brushes > New Brush) as an Art Brush, and then sets the Colorization Method to Tints. This option allows her to easily change the brush color later.

For the non-uniform elements, such as the strands of hair, Tracie draws freehand using a variety of custom vector brushes. She changes the width of the strokes to simulate different thicknesses of the hair strands.

The core of Tracie’s work is done with crosshatching. Using this technique, she’s able to generate intricate shading effects. To create the crosshatching, Tracie draws a few strokes with a custom brush. Then, she uses the Blend tool (Object > Blend > Blend Options, followed by Object > Blend > Make) to create a set of parallel strokes. She then creates another set of strokes at a different angle, again using the Blend tool, and overlays the two sets to create the crosshatch pattern.

For a more concentrated shading effect, Tracie uses the same color for both sets of strokes in the crosshatch pattern. She uses this effect in the shadow of the forehead and the ridge of the nose, as well as the highlight areas to simulate light falling on the forehead and the side of the nose.

For a stippled effect, Tracie uses black and gray to create the crosshatch pattern. Because gray is the same color as the surface of the face, the effect is subtler and simulates engraving.

Tracie uses a clipping mask to keep certain effects within the boundaries of a shape. For example, the shape of the eye is a clipping mask that keeps the shading of the eyeball from extending beyond it.

To do this, she uses crosshatching to create shading in the white of the eye. Then, she selects the eye shape with the crosshatch marks and chooses Object > Clipping Mask > Make. (Note: The clipping mask shape must be arranged above the layers in the layer stack of the artwork it is clipping.)

In the early stages of her design, Tracie usually works in grayscale and limits herself to three colors: dark gray for the surface of the face, black to define the shadows, and pale gray for the highlights.

In the Swatch Options palette (Windows > Swatches > Swatch Options), she defines each of these colors as Global — a timesaver that allows her to change any or all of her three colors throughout the illustration at once.

When the line work is done, Tracie sets the mood of the illustration by adjusting her three colors. She enables the Swatches panel (Window > Swatches), and then changes the CMYK values of her Global colors.

For this illustration, she replaced the dark gray with a dark blue (C=100, M=75, Y=10, K=35). Pale gray became light blue (C=100, M=20, Y=0, K=0). And for added visual interest and drama, she changed black to a rich, 4-color black (C=100, M=100, Y=100, K=100).

With the colors now chosen, Tracie tweaks the crosshatching in a few areas to make the final adjustments to her dramatic portrait.

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